Cybersecurity Articles

Internet Model

TCP/IP Model TCP/IP stands for Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet Protocol. It is a short version of the OSI model. This was designed and developed in the 1960s based on standard protocols by the Department of Defense(DoD). It contains only four layers, instead...

Application Layer

The application layer is the 7th layer and the uppermost layer of the OSI model. This is the layer that interacts with the user directly. This layer ensures an application communicates effectively with other applications on different computer systems and networks. The...

Network Layer

The network layer is responsible for two primary functions. One is to divide segments into network packets and then reassemble the packets on the receiving end. The second function is to route packets by identifying the best path over a physical network. To route...

Physical Layer

The physical layer is the final layer from the top of the OSI model. It has the responsibility of the physical cables and wireless connectivity between network nodes since it is the electrical and physical illustration of the system. It describes the connection, the...